REST风格
REST(Representational State Transfer),表现形式状态转换
传统风格资源描述形式
http://localhost/user/getById?id=1
http://localhost/user/saveUser
REST风格描述形式
http://localhost/user/1
http://localhost/user
优点:
隐藏资源的访问行为,无法通过地址得知对资源是何种操作。
书写简化。
按照REST风格访问资源时使用行为动作区分对资源进行了何种操作
根据REST风格对资源进行访问称为RESTful
GET方式请求代表(查询)
POST方式请求代表(新增/保存)
PUT方式请求代表(修改/更新)
DELETE方式请求代表(删除)
上述行为是约定方式,约定不是规范,可以打破,所以称REST风格,而不是REST规范
入门案例
只需要修改上一个项目。
在Controller中定义方法时设定”http请求动作(请求方式)”和”设定请求参数(路径变量)”
@Controller
public class UserController {
//设置当前请求方法为POST,表示REST风格中的添加操作
@RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String save(){
System.out.println("user save...");
return "{'module':'user save'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为DELETE,表示REST风格中的删除操作
//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
@RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
@ResponseBody
public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("user delete..." + id);
return "{'module':'user delete'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为PUT,表示REST风格中的修改操作
@RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@ResponseBody
public String update(@RequestBody User user){
System.out.println("user update..."+user);
return "{'module':'user update'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
//@PathVariable注解用于设置路径变量(路径参数),要求路径上设置对应的占位符,并且占位符名称与方法形参名称相同
@RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("user getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'user getById'}";
}
//设置当前请求方法为GET,表示REST风格中的查询操作
@RequestMapping(value = "/users",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@ResponseBody
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("user getAll...");
return "{'module':'user getAll'}";
}
}
@RequestBody @RequestParam @PathVariable三者关系
区别
@RequestParam用于接收url地址传参或表单传参
@RequestBody用于接收json数据
@PathVariable用于接收路径参数,使用{参数名称}描述路径参数应用
后期开发中,发送请求参数超过1个时,以json格式为主,@RequestBody应用较广
如果发送非json格式数据,选用@RequestParam接收请求参数
采用RESTful进行开发,当参数数量较少时,例如1个,可以采用@PathVariable接收请求路径变量,通常用于传递id值
RESTful快速开发
在上述入门案例中,
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这个两个部分重复性太高。
解决方法:
在Controller类上使用@RequestMapping定义共同的访问路径。
使用@GetMapping @PostMapping @PutMapping @DeleteMapping代替@RequestMapping(method=RequestMethod.XXX)
在Controller类上使用@RestController注解,等同于@Controller与@ResponseBody两个注解组合功能
代码示例:
在BookController类中
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController2 {
@PostMapping
public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book save..." + book);
return "{'module':'book save'}";
}
@DeleteMapping("/{id}")
public String delete(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("book delete..." + id);
return "{'module':'book delete'}";
}
@PutMapping
public String update(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book update..."+book);
return "{'module':'book update'}";
}
@GetMapping("/{id}")
public String getById(@PathVariable Integer id){
System.out.println("book getById..."+id);
return "{'module':'book getById'}";
}
@GetMapping
public String getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll...");
return "{'module':'book getAll'}";
}
}
RESTful页面数据交互案例
没有数据持久化层
/image-20220405115525658.png)
Config文件夹下:
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[0];
}
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class};
}
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
//乱码处理
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
filter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
return new Filter[]{filter};
}
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.yang.controller", "com.yang.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
//设置静态资源访问过滤,当前类需要设置为配置类,并被扫描加载
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/????时候,从/pages目录下查找内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
}
BookController类
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
@PostMapping
public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
return "{'module':'book save success'}";
}
@GetMapping
public List<Book> getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setType("计算机");
book1.setName("数据库");
book1.setDescription("小牛");
bookList.add(book1);
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setType("计算机");
book2.setName("操作系统");
book2.setDescription("小马");
bookList.add(book2);
Book book3 = new Book();
book3.setType("计算机");
book3.setName("计算机网络");
book3.setDescription("小鼠");
bookList.add(book3);
return bookList;
}
}
Book类(主要是获取数据):
public class Book {
private Integer id;
private String type;
private String name;
private String description;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"id=" + id +
", type='" + type + '\'' +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", description='" + description + '\'' +
'}';
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getType() {
return type;
}
public void setType(String type) {
this.type = type;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
}
还要用到axios进行交互
methods: {
// 重置表单
resetForm() {
//清空输入框
this.formData = {};
},
// 弹出添加窗口
openSave() {
this.dialogFormVisible = true;
this.resetForm();
},
//添加
saveBook () {
axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
});
},
//主页列表查询
getAll() {
axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
this.dataList = res.data;
});
},
}